what is selenium deficiency in cattle

Selenium (Se) is a "micromineral" required in very small quantities in the diet of beef cattle. The signs depend on the muscles affected. Selenium deficiency limits ruminant production and methods of selenium supplementation are needed. They may also abort or not become pregnant at all. Judson et al., (1980) demonstrated that 10% selenium pellets (30g gross weight) were effective in raising blood selenium levels in cattle grazing pasture for up to 18 months. Cows fed diets (including sulfur from water) with 0.40% sulfur also have lower absorption of selenium than cows fed diets with 0.20% sulfur. Studies have indicated that selenium deficiency can affect the ability of neutrophils to kill microorganisms (Boyne and Arthur, 1981) as well as antibody production following a disease General symptoms include: lack of vitality, anemia, emaciation, stiffness of joints, lameness, rough coat, loss of long hair, and hoof sloughing and deformities. Selovin LA is a long acting selenium injection for cattle and sheep. Deficiencies in minerals such as cobalt, selenium, copper and zinc can cause these difficulties. Several disease syndromes in cattle have been shown to be selenuim-responsive. Exposure to the neonicotinoid . It is required for growth and to aid resistance to diseases, being involved in the production of antibodies and in the killing of micro-organisms engulfed by macrophages. BO-SE (selenium, vitamin E) is recommended for the prevention and treatment of white muscle disease (Selenium-Tocopherol Deficiency) syndrome in calves, lambs, and ewes. Deficiency of cobalt, copper, iron, iodine, manganese, selenium, or zinc can cause a reduction in production. Selenium also helps the immune system and can help if high somatic cell counts are a problem. In Quebec, beef calves weaned on pasture are generally Se-deficient ( 3 ). This disease can affect all livestock, but it is detected mostly in cattle and horses. cells, rather than cattle. A 10% selenium pellet was later developed for cattle (Judson et al., 1980). Each 20g capsule contains 16g of elemental copper as copper oxide needles. Selenium deficiency in cattle may be associated with: White muscle disease in calves "Ill thrift" in young cattle Poor growth rate in weaners and yearlings Infertility in heifers and cows. Cows may not expel the placenta in a timely manner if they are deficient in selenium. The antioxidant properties of Se-inclusive enzyme systems helps prevent cellular damage from free radicals. Authors. prostaglandin metabolism. In this report, we review some of the studies relat ing to selenium assays, the effect of Se deficiency in cattle, and the use of data collected by our laboratory from dairy cows in the midwest to interpret serum values. Selenium Deficiency. For example, in Poland, Se deficiency was found in 50% of cattle. A lack of selenium can cause poor reproductive performance and an extended calving period in cows. Table 1 summarizes some of the effects of Se deficiency and the benefits of Se supplementation in livestock diets. Potassium is mainly excreted in the urine of cattle, and potassium secretion in milk is relatively high. Absorbing insufficient zinc, for instance, can cause cattle to go off their feed. The classic clinical deficiency of Se and Vitamin E is white muscle disease which is myodegeneration of the heart muscle. In cattle, sheep, and goats, selenium deficiency also can cause abortion, stillbirth, or death shortly after birth. A deficiency of sulfur in the soil can lead to deficiencies in the cow. Selenium deficiency symptoms in cattle include the onset of nutritional muscular dystrophy, also known as white muscle disease. Cause Many pastures are short in natual selenium levels. It is required in cattle for normal growth and fertility and for helping to prevent other health disorders such as mastitis and calf scours. Both selenium and vitamin E are important components of the animal's antioxidant defence mechanisms. One of the most important of these is an enzyme known as glutathione peroxidase. The study also reported the presence of Se deficiency variation among cattle type that 40% of cows, 80% of calves, 100% of heifers and 90% of bulls were affected [23]. Selenium deficiency occurs in patients receiving parenteral nutrition, in areas where soil selenium content is poor, in cirrhosis patients with ineffective metabolism of selenomethionine, and in low-birth-weight infants. Selenium deficiency causes nutritional myopathy (white muscle dis ease) in young calves and yearlings. DESCRIPTION MU-SE (selenium, vitamin E) is an emulsion of selenium-tocopherol for the prevention and treatment of Selenium-Tocopherol Deficiency (STD) syndrome in weanling calves and breeding beef cattle. Selenium Deficiency in Cattle Selenium Deficiency in Cattle. It appears in certain foods and there are even small amounts in water. The possible reason for abortion is the insufficient progesterone concentration to maintain the. Selenium deficiency is also associated with male infertility and might play a role in Kashin-Beck disease, a type of osteoarthritis that occurs in certain low-selenium areas of China, Tibet, and Siberia [ 1, 2, 5, 6, 8, 22 ]. This publication highlights the role of selenium in animal nutrition; selenium concentration and distribution in soils and feedstuffs (grains and forages) produced in various parts of the United States and in Georgia; disorders resulting from Selenium deficiency or toxicity; various methods of selenium supplementation; and recommendations for selenium management in Georgia. The dietary requirement of cattle is 0.05 to 0.1 mg Se/kg. Drenching, injections (via subcutaneous injection) and pour-on methods of selenium supplementation are available. A laying hen requires 0.06 ppm of selenium in their daily diet to maintain egg production. Selenium plays a critical role in semen quality, hatchability, egg production, and maternal programming. In places with severe selenium deficiency, the following clinical signs may also occur: in young cattle: ill . Copperplan 20 are oral capsules for adult cattle over 200kg bodyweight. That doesn't go away during the summer months. Selenium deficiencies are known to cause immune problems in equines and are suspected to interfere with thyroid function. selenium deficiency produced recognizable abnormalities in lab animals. Excessive mobilization of calcium from the skeletal system of the lactating cow can lead to milk fever, also known as parturient paresis or hypocalcemia. Selenium deficiency could exacerbate iodine deficiency, potentially increasing the risk of cretinism in infants [ 2, 5 ]. Other selenium deficiency symptoms in cattle include poor milk . A liver biopsy is the best way to determine Se status of In immune function. Injections containing barium selenate as their main active ingredient have been found to provide cattle with up to 12 months' effective selenium levels in blood. Because of environmental, nutrient, disease, genetic, and drug inte A third submission (Orleans County) requested screening of 4 adult beef cows for whole blood selenium. A deficiency can cause white muscle disease (WMD) in lambs and weaners, scouring, ill thrift and lowered wool production in weaners . Selenium deficiency causes white muscle disease. The increase in fertility when adding selenium is attributed to the reduction of the embryonic death during the first month of gestation. Vitamin E This vitamin serves as an antioxidant in the cow's body and helps in membrane and muscle formation. Lack of selenium in cows is mostly widely recognised as stillbirths, White Muscle Disease, ill-thrift, mastitis, retained placenta and infertility. Selenium is an essential element for animals, but not plants. Selenium deficiency is classically seen in newborn calves with white muscle disease; however, it is more often seen as retained placentas without a problem calving (i.e., no twins, not early, not a hard calving). In addition to mild parasitism diagnosed in both, and Johne's disease confirmed by fecal PCR in the cow, both were deficient in whole blood selenium, with the calf's selenium level being below the limit of detection of the assay. In cattle, economically signicant impacts such as reduced fertility, placental retentions, and the incidence of mastitis and metritis have been noted in selenium deficiency. In young animals, selenium deficiency may be a cause of muscular dystrophy and ill-thrift. retained foetal membranes (RFM) mastitis. Copper deficiency and selenium deficiency are the two major problems in Washington State. . It is required for growth and to aid resistance to diseases, being involved in the production of antibodies and in the killing of micro-organisms engulfed by macrophages. Pages_from_SF601_V65_v_45_n_02_3.pdf (146.5 KB) Date. In some cases, mineral deficiency in cows causes them to consume too little feed to meet their metabolic needs. The purpose of the study is to learn which methods of selenium supplementation are best and what is the tolerance of selenium for ruminants. Because of U.S. Food and Drug Administration regulations, the concentration of supplemental selenium in diets cannot be increased above 0.3 ppm, even when sulfur can interfere with selenium absorption. This can cause several health problems. Whenever the source of grain being fed in a diet is uncertain, it appears wise to consider . If the dead animal has an underbite (very common on cattle) or an overbite (which are quite rare on cattle), you will know that the mother was exposed to something that caused disrupted fetal development. Clinical signs are: stiffness and lameness, diarrhea and unthriftiness, pulmonary distress and/or cardiac arrest. retained placenta. Se . Cattle may have difficulty breathing as a result of damage to the muscles supporting the heart, as well as problems standing and general stiffness. In growth and fertility. . Supplementation of the salt/mineral mix is a more convenient method of selenium supplementation for cattle on pasture than repeat selenium injections. Selenium is an important mineral. Examples include chronic mastitis, chronic pneumonia, retained placenta, infertility and miscarriages. Selenium deficiency is also a problem of animals in other countries. In sows and weanling pigs, as an aid in the prevention and . This makes it more convenient because fewer treatments are required and also safer. Selenium deficiency signs in cattle include white muscle disease and stiffness. Young, rapidly growing foals born to dams fed a diet low in selenium and vitamin E are . Clinical signs of selenium deficiency in WA include: suboptimal milk production. Both vitamin E and selenium work as . Other selenium-responsive diseases such as "ill thrift" in cattle and reproductive disorders including infertility in ewes and retained placentae in cattle have been widely reported and are described by Levander (1986). Selenium Deficiency in Sheep and Cattle. Between 10% to 40% of animals die of this condition ( Andrews A. H., 1992 ). Low selenium causes the muscular degeneration known as white muscle disease which can be severe and fatal to newborn foals Selenium in Counties of the Conterminous States. In the case of a pregnant jennet her fetus gets all the selenium it needs from what is in her system as it develops and if that is depleted the jennet will often abort, especially in the last 3-4 months of gestation when the growth rate of the fetus is most demanding. This led to the suspicion that selenium may be involved as a cofactor in enzyme systems related to cellular . (Hold the mouse over a county to view the concentration of the element; click on a county to retrieve all geochemical data within the county.) The nutritional requirements of Se in cattle are estimated at 100 g/kg DM (dry matter) for beef cattle and at 300 g/kg DM for dairy cows. Selenium deficiency, which often occurs in association with vitamin E deficiency, is a relatively common trace mineral deficiency in Ireland. This degenerative disease affects skeletal and cardiac muscle. Selenium Deficiency in Adult Dairy Cattle Selenium is an essential element for animals, but not plants. This disease can develop in any muscle in the body. As many selenium compounds are quite volatile, it is necessary to have a good air control system and to use a gas mask when handling and mixing concentrated selenium premixes. Vitamin E/Selenium Deficiency. Selenium deficiency is one of the most common nutritional deficiencies in beef cattle in California 1. It is weak and reluctant to move. Instead of muscle degeneration, weakness and death, Selenium-deficient adults tend to have chronic infections and reproductive problems. White muscle disease (WMD) is a presentation of vitamin E and/or selenium deficiency that is much more common in lambs, calves and chickens rather than swine. Selenium deficiency manifests itself much differently in adult animals. The most active muscle in a young calf's body is actually its tongue. Skeletal muscle pallor or streaks of white, gritty mineralization are observed, particularly in the longissimus dorsi muscle. Selenium deficiency refers to not having enough selenium in your system. myodegeneration and myocardial lesions. Selenised lick blocks and loose licks In areas where soil is poor in selenium (Se), deficiencies of this trace element in pasture- and forage-fed cattle is widespread ( 1 ). Top-dress pasture (depends on cost/benefit), usually too expensive, except in . The answer is yes. Cattle need Vitamin D is for mineral absorption, bone growth, and immune response. Selenium is an essential element in the diet of animals and has a variety of roles: As an anti-oxidant in conjunction with vitamin E to prevent and repair cell damage. Cause Many pastures are short in natual selenium levels. Selenium is an essential element for animals, but not plants. They found that selenium supplementation reversed a condition called white muscle disease that occurred in sheep and cattle raised on selenium deficient soils. It's. Known as white muscle disease, selenium deficiency mainly attacks . Potassium deficiency is indicated by reduced feed intake, depraved appetite, lowered weight gains, rough hair coat, and muscle weakness. It is also implicated in a sudden death syndrome in calves less than three months old from acute myocardial degeneration. Selenium (Se) deficiency in California livestock species is widespread and is estimated to exist in excess of 60% of herds in the state (Dunbar et al. premature, weak calves, perinatal death and abortions. The clinical condition that results from a deficiency of selenium and vitamin E (which work together synergistically) is sometimes called "white muscle disease" or nutritional myodegeneration. It treats and prevents selenium deficiency in cattle for up to 12 months and sheep for up to 18 months. 1988; Williams 1980).Se is an essential nutrient for all animals, including cattle ().The importance of correcting Se deficiencies is well documented. However . Selenium is thought of as a trace or micro mineral in beef cattle diets. It is required for growth and to aid resistance to diseases, being involved in the production of antibodies and in the killing of micro-organisms engulfed by macrophages. In youngstock, selenium is most commonly associated with white muscle disease, but in adult cattle, selenium deficiency has been linked with a wide range of problems. . The dietary requirement of cattle is 0.05 to 0.1 mg Se/kg. membrane damage. It is caused by feeding on plants and grain that have protein-bound, insoluble selenium. Our selenium bolus can be used for cows over 250 kg. Grains from soils deficient in selenium, or selenium antagonists in mixed feeds, can result in feeds low in selenium. Features/Benefits Release of selenium over 12 months Daily weight gains of 11% to 136% when treated cattle were compared to selenium deficient animals Manifestations in children include hypopigmentation of the skin and hair (pseudoalbinism). Previous reports showed a deficiency of Se in both forages and grains grown in eastern Canada ( 2 ). Download File. However, as all good managers know, there are a lot of "unseen" problems in a nutritional deficiency before cattle exhibit clinical signs - such as decreased immunity, growth and fertility. Each mL contains: 10.95 mg sodium selenite (equivalent to 5 mg selenium), 50 mg (68 USP units) vitamin E (as d-alpha tocopheryl acetate), 250 mg polysorbate 80, 2% benzyl alcohol . Selenium (Se) is now recognised as an essential trace element for ruminants. The congenital form of selenium/vitamin E deficiency is seen either as stillbirth, or the birth of a weak calf that is unable to suck unaided and usually dies within a few days of starvation/secondary bacterial infection. In broiler breeders, a recommended daily diet of . Reduced production occurs most commonly when a deficiency corresponds to the phases of growth, reproduction, or lactation. Selenium Deficiency Selenium (Se) deficiency occurs in cattle that don't receive enough selenium in their diet. Beef cattle only require 0.10 parts per million (ppm) of Se in the total diet (not the mineral supplement). Symptoms include muscle stiffness and tremors, extreme weakness, and loss of consciousness. The FDA requires animal feeds and foods to contain a maximum selenium concentration of 0.3 mcg/g. Selenium (Se) was discovered in 1818 but its role in animal nutrition wasn't understood until the 1950's when Se was identified as an essential nutrient. It can cause diarrhea, reduced weight gain/loss of weight and can cause vaccines to be less effective 2. Selenium is a micronutrient that is an essential component of many enzymes that have a wide range of functions, particularly as an anti-oxidant protecting against cell damage. In cattle, selenium deficiency can have economically significant impacts such as reduced fertility, placental retentions, and the incidence of mastitis and metritis [ 1, 2, 3, 4 ]. . It contains selenium (50mg/mL) as barium selenate which is a slower release form of selenium. 3. Oral selenium drench (sodium selenite/sodium selenate) at 0.1mg Se/kg body weight for immediate treatment of animals giving 6-8 weeks protection. Cause However, if given in too large a dose or more than one supplement containing selenium is given at the same time, it can be toxic. Selenium pour-on convenient and will protect for three months. The calf may stand and move stiffly. Body stores of potassium are low, so potassium deficiency can begin quickly. For humans, selenium is a vital mineral to increase immunity, protect cells from free radical damage and inflammation, and support a healthy metabolism and fertility. Se Analysis and Interpretation Analytical results from 204 sera collected from Selenium is a trace element (mineral) which is incorporated into proteins to make selenoproteins, which are important antioxidant enzymes. The capsule is administered by a balling gun and dissolves in the rumen releasing the copper needles which slowly release copper. 1983. What is selenium deficiency? Selenium pellets or injection for longer-term protection. suboptimal fertility in adult cattle. A selenium deficiency is often linked to other diseases such as mastitis embryo death and retained fetal membranes. Our knowledge of selenium deficiency as a cause of animal disease has increased since 1973, when the role of selenium (Se) in glutathione peroxidase was discovered. Selenium is a micronutrient, and a certain amount is required in the diet. Selenium is critical for muscle development. Leukonychia and Terry-like nails have been reported. A deficiency in selenium is more likely to occur in calves living in regions with low Se content in the soil. Selenium deficiency is a major problem in many areas despite the relatively small (.1 to .3 ppm) amount of this trace mineral required by cattle. The delayed form of selenium/vitamin E deficiency is usually seen in calves between one and four months-old. Selenium deficiency in cattle can be a serious condition, but producers who try to fix the problem can cause bigger problems. Nutritionists recommend 0.2 percent of sulfur or sulfate in the diet of cattle, and ensuring your forage has enough sulfur is the easiest and most cost-effective way to manage sulfur requirements for the ration. Selenium Deficiency in Calves Subacute muscular dystrophy, also known as white muscle disease, is the most commonly seen form of selenium deficiency in calves. For the beef cattle 100g/kg DM (dry matter) and at 300g/kg DM for dairy cows is the estimated daily nutritional requirements of selenium. Signs of a deficiency may include stiff joints, irritability, convulsions, decreased appetite, digestive issues, labored breathing, and weakness. The dietary requirement of cattle is 0.05 to 0.1 mg Se/kg. J . 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